microcontroller questions

D

Don_

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Oct 11, 2025
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I'm a mechanical engineer getting into electronics.
I know Arduino and Raspberry Pi, but I've noticed a lot of systems need 12V and higher current than those boards can handle.
Any recommendations for a good microcontroller (like an Arduino) that can directly output or handle 12V with decent current?
also, what is the maximum continuous current and the peak/inrush current of the highest demand 12V load?
 
You can't directly output high current from Arduino and Pi, so it’s best to use MOSFETs or relay modules to control 12V loads. Boards like the ESP32 or STM32 operate in a similar way but also require external switching mechanisms.

When figuring out your current needs, start by identifying the load that draws the most power. Keep in mind that motors and solenoids often have a significant inrush current. Make sure to size your power supply and switching components appropriately, generally aiming for an overhead of about 20-30% based on continuous ratings.
 
Hey, have you thought about using those heavy-duty controllers like Arduino Portenta or PLC-type boards? They're much better at dealing with higher voltages and usually have built-in isolation or protected outputs that work great with 12V systems.
 
Great tip. Using an oscilloscope to check load profiles, mostly for inductive stuff, helps you pick the right flyback diodes. That way, voltage spikes won't fry your controls.
 
If you want to stick with the Arduino ecosystem but need 12V power handling, check out:
Ruggeduino, it has built in protection for over voltage. or ESP32+power shield, it's much faster than Arduino
 
I appreciate the tips. Both options sound really solid. The OP should really consider diving deeper into the Ruggeduino and the ESP32 setup.
 

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